|
The Red Shirts ((スペイン語:Camisas Rojas)) were a paramilitary organization, existing in the 1930s, founded by the virulently anti-Catholic, atheist and anticlerical Governor of Tabasco, Mexico, Tomás Garrido Canabal during his second term.〔(Mabry, Donald J. ''Tomas Garrido Canabal'' Historical Text Archive (2001) )〕 As part of their attempt to destroy the Church, they systematically destroyed church buildings.〔Kirshner, Alan M., (A Setback to Tomas Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico ) J. of Church and State (1971) 13 (3): 479-492.〕 The group, created to carry out the governor's orders, takes its name from its uniform of red shirts, black pants, and black and red military caps and it consisted of men aged 15 to 30.〔 ==History== Apart from religion, the Red Shirts also attacked other things they considered to be detrimental to progress, most notably alcohol. They have been described as "fascist",〔Stan Ridgeway, ("Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" ) ''Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos'' 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 147.〕 however, the anthem of the Red Shirts was the Internationale, widely considered to be the socialist anthem, and Garrido named one of his sons after Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist and anti-fascist〔Donald J. Mabry, ("Garrido Canabal, Tomás" ), at the Historical Text Archive.〕 and also considered himself a Marxist Bolshevik.〔World vision magazine, Volumes 10-11〕〔National republic, Volumes 22-23〕〔Buchenau, Jürgen. ''The Last Caudillo: Alvaro Obregn and the Mexican Revolution, Volume 12 of Viewpoints/Puntos de Vista: Themes and Interpretations in Latin American History''. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 1405199032〕〔Bennett, Charles. ''Tinder in Tabasco: a study of church growth in tropical Mexico''.Eerdmans, 1968 (Original from University of Texas).〕〔Ard, Michael J. "An eternal struggle: how the National Action Party transformed Mexican politics". Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0-275-97831-1〕 Some scholars have argued that Garrido's authoritarian policies were more akin to European right-wing dictatorships,〔Austin, Ron. "Peregrino: A Pilgrim Journey Into Catholic Mexico". Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2010. ISBN 0-8028-6584-4〕 though he wished to turn the traditionally conservative state of Tabasco into a socialist model and fought for socialist causes.〔Baird, David. Cristensen, Shane. Delsol, Christine. Hepp, Joy. ''Frommer's Mexico 2011''. Wiley, 2010. ISBN 0470614331〕〔Beezley, William H. Meyer, Michael C. ''The Oxford History of Mexico''. Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 0199731985〕〔Walker, Ronald G. ''Infernal Paradise: Mexico and the Modern English Novel''. University of California Press, 1978. ISBN 0520031970〕 Tabasco has been called a "socialist tyranny" by Martin C. Needler, Dean of the School of International Studies at the University of the Pacific in California.〔Needler, Martin C. ''Mexican Politics: The Containment of Conflict''. 3rd ed. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. ISBN 0275952517〕 Garrido also invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in the state of Tabasco and created a form of socialist education which he termed "Rationalist".〔Brown, Lyle C. Copper, William F. ''Religion in Latin American life and literature''. University of Texas, 1980, p. 113. ISBN 0918954231 "Tomas Garrido, always proud of the success his atheist teachers had achieved and desirous of winning student support for his political ambitions, invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in Tabasco.", " Tomas Garrido termed this education "Rationalist," which in reality was a forerunner of the socialist education amended into Article III of the Constitution in 1934."〕〔Gonzalez, Michael J. ''The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940''. University of New Mexico Press, 2002. ISBN 082632780X〕 The Red Shirts have been described as "shock troops of indoctrination for the intense campaign against 'God and religion.'"〔Krauze, Enrique ("The Troubling Roots of Mexico's Lopez Obrador: Tropical Messiah" ), ''The New Republic'', June 19, 2006.〕 The Red Shirts were also used against the Cristeros revolt, an uprising against the persecution of Catholics by the government of Plutarco Calles.〔(''The Calles Presidency, 1924-28'' Country Studies, Mexico, U.S. Library of Congress )〕 The Red Shirts practice socialist marriages, and two Red Shirt members, José Correa and Victoria Ley, pronounced their own vows: And another two members sent out invitations: The Red Shirts celebrated the death of Christ on Good Friday 1935〔 and the connected League against Religious Fanaticism had their own radio show call "Anti-Fanatic Hour", which was made up of 12 parts, including the "Hymn To The Socialist School", the song "Anti-Alcoholic Protest" and six speeches (including one on "The Class Struggle").〔 In 1934 Garrido was named secretary of Agriculture by the new president Lázaro Cárdenas, hoping to contain the Red Shirts that way. However, Garrido took the Red Shirts with him to Mexico City at the National Autonomous University of Mexico to intervene in student politics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Shirts (Mexico)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|